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1.
Rev. argent. salud publica ; 9(35): 25-32, 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-968481

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCION: La transmisión vertical de sífilis puede ocurrir durante el embarazo, parto, puerperio y lactancia. En Argentina, el Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de la Salud ha observado un aumento de notificaciones de infecciones congénitas, que revela un problema en Salud Pública. OBJETIVOS: Establecer la prevalencia de sífilis en puérperas sin serología en el último mes de gestación; detectar factores que influyeron en dicha prevalencia; e identificar causas de control prenatal (CPN) inadecuado de sífilis. METODOS: Se estudió a 278 puérperas en el Instituto de Maternidad y Ginecología Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes, mediante prueba de VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test), TP-PA (Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay) y una encuesta sobre factores socioeconómicos, conductas de riesgo y factores maternos, entre octubre de 2014 y marzo de 2015. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia fue de 2,9% (IC95%: 1,5-5,6%), con 3 casos de sífilis actual y 5 de sífilis pasada. Los factores de riesgo detectados fueron: ser adulta joven, no trabajar, tener menor número de hijos y haber tenido un mortinato. Un CPN adecuado se relacionó con ser adulta, tener mayor nivel de instrucción y estar casada. No tener hábitos tóxicos actuó como factor de protección, y la causa más frecuente de CPN inadecuado fue la falta de solicitud por el médico. CONCLUSIONES: Se detectó una prevalencia superior a la nacional (1,321%), y se identificaron algunos factores de riesgo. Para prevenir la transmisión de sífilis, sería esencial fortalecer los servicios de atención prenatal existentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Syphilis
2.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 46(2): 15-25, abr. - jun. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-847376

ABSTRACT

Introdução ­ A sífilis congênita, apesar de prevenível, vem se mantendo como um problema de saúde pública desafiador até os dias atuais. Objetivos ­ Descrever a incidência da sífilis congênita no estado de Santa Catarina no ano de 2012. Métodos ­ Estudo ecológico onde a população estudada foram os casos notificados nas macrorregiões de Santa Catarina, de acordo com os dados obtidos do SINAN acessados em base de dados de acesso público por sífilis congênita no ano de 2012. Os dados foram apresentados na forma de taxas de incidência e também por números absolutos e porcentagens. Resultados ­ No ano de 2012 a maior taxa de incidência por 100000 nascidos vivos foi na macrorregião Grande Florianópolis (3,64), seguida das macrorregiões Foz do rio Itajaí (3,62) e Sul (1,62). A macrorregião Nordeste também apresentou um alto índice (1,45), seguido das macrorregiões Extremo Oeste (1,34) e Meio Oeste (1,16). O número de parceiros não tratados foi maior (60,9%) e 85,5% das mães realizaram o pré-natal. A taxa de incidência total de casos no estado de Santa Catarina no ano de 2012 foi de 1,72. Discussão ­ As falhas na assistência do pré-natal, a realização do diagnóstico tardio ou tratamento inadequado são fatores importantes que poderiam explicar que ainda exista um elevado número de casos de sífilis congênita. Apesar de possuir diagnóstico e tratamento de fácil acesso, verificou-se que o processo não acontece como previsto, provavelmente pela falta real da implementação das orientações do Ministério da Saúde.


Background - Congenital syphilis, although preventable, has remained as a challenging public health problem until today. Objectives - To describe the incidence of congenital syphilis in the state of Santa Catarina, South Brazil, in 2012. Methods - Ecological study where the population studied were the cases reported in the macro-regions of Santa Catarina, according to data obtained from SINAN accessed database public access due to congenital syphilis in 2012. The data were presented as incidence rates and also by absolute numbers and percentages. Results - In the year 2012 the highest incidence rate per 100,000 newborns was in the macro-region Florianópolis (3.64), followed by macro-regions Foz do Itajaí (3.62) and South (1.62). The Northeast macro-region also had a high rate (1.45), followed by macro-Far West (1.34) and Midwest (1.16). The number of untreated partners was higher (60.9%) and 85.5% of the mothers had prenatal care. The total incidence rate in the state of Santa Catarina in 2012 was 1.72. Discussion - The flaws in prenatal care, the delayed diagnosis or inadequate treatment are important factors that could explain that there is still a high number of cases of congenital syphilis. Despite having the diagnosis and treatment of easily accessible, it was found that the process does not happen as expected, probably due to lack of real implementation of the Health Ministry guidelines.

3.
Rev. medica electron ; 39(3): 567-576, may.-jun. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-902200

ABSTRACT

La sífilis gestacional se transmite de madre a hijo, por vía placentaria y por canal del parto. Es diagnosticada en el niño en el momento del nacimiento, esta transmisión hematógena del treponema pallidum de la gestante no tratada o tratada inadecuadamente a su recién nacido, se denomina sífilis congénita. Entre las estrategias del Ministerio de Salud Pública está prevenir la transmisión materna de la sífilis al feto, o al menos, tratarla en útero. Para lograr este propósito debe garantizarse la realización de serologías a la gestante y al esposo. Múltiples pueden ser las causas de una serología reactiva pero siempre se debe pensar en la sífilis. Se presentan tres casos de sífilis en gestantes y su seguimiento en área de salud (AU).


Gestational syphilis is transmitted from mother to child via the placenta and the birth canal. It is diagnosed in the child at the moment of birth. This hematogenous transmission of the treponema pallidum from the non-treated or inadequately treated pregnant woman to her new born child is called congenital syphilis. Preventing the maternal transmission of the syphilis to the fetus, or at least treating it in the uterus, is among the strategies of the Ministry of Public Health. To achieve this purpose serology should be carried out to the pregnant woman and her husband. The causes of a reactive serology might be different, but it is always necessary to thing of syphilis. Three cases of syphilis in pregnant women are presented and also their follow-up in a health area (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Syphilis, Congenital/complications , Pregnancy/genetics , Syphilis/epidemiology , Syphilis, Congenital/diagnosis , Syphilis, Congenital/therapy , Syphilis, Congenital/transmission , Syphilis, Congenital/epidemiology , Syphilis/complications , Syphilis/genetics , Syphilis/transmission
4.
Med. infant ; 23(4): 293-298, diciembre 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-885111

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La sífilis materna inadecuadamente tratada constituye un problema de salud pública ya que puede producir gran morbimortalidad fetal y neonatal. Objetivo: describir factores relacionados con falla en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de sífilis materna. Población y métodos: Estudio analítico de casos y controles en el Hospital Materno infantil de Malvinas Argentinas, 2014 y 2015. Casos: mujeres puérperas con sífilis sin tratamiento o inadecuado e hijos con sífilis congénita. Controles: mujeres puérperas e hijos recién nacidos vivos sanos. Se realizó revisión de historias clínicas. Estadística: Caracterización de grupos a través del test de Fisher y t-Student. Se estimó el OR individual y ajustado de "falla en el diagnóstico" y "falla en el tratamiento" fijando IC 95% (p<0,05) para cada variable estudiada en SPSS 24.0. Resultados: Hubo 106 casos de sífilis congénita y 100 controles. Recién nacidos de madres con ≤ 5 controles prenatales (CPN) tuvieron 4 veces más riesgo de presentar falla en el diagnóstico de sífilis materna respecto del grupo control (OR: 4,83; IC 95%: 1,79-12,98) patrón igualmente observado para baja escolaridad materna. Las madres ≤18 años y aquellas con número insuficiente de CPN constituyeron un factor de riesgo significativo para falla en el tratamiento (individual OR ajustado: 4,07; IC 95%: 1,43-11,57 y OR ajustado: 2,85; IC 95%: 1,29-6,28, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Resulta necesario implementar estrategias institucionales orientadas a mejorar el número de controles obstétricos, el índice de escolaridad materna y la tasa de embarazo en adolescentes, con el objeto de reducir fallas en el proceso de diagnóstico y tratamiento de la sífilis materna y por consiguiente disminuir la incidencia de sífilis congénita en nuestra población (AU)


Introduction: Inadequately treated maternal syphilis poses a public health problem as it may cause significant fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Aim: To describe factors related to the misdiagnosis and failure of treatment of maternal syphilis. Population and methods: An analytical case-control study conducted at the Hospital Materno infantil de Malvinas Argentinas, from 2014 to 2015. Cases: post-partum women with syphilis without or with inadequate treatment and children with congenital syphilis. Controls: post-partum women and liveborn healthy neonates. Clinical charts were reviewed. Statistical analysis: The groups were evaluated using Fisher's test and the Student's t test. Individual and adjusted ORs were estimated for "misdiagnosis" and "treatment failure" setting a 95% CI (p<0.05) for each study variable using SPSS 24.0. Results: 106 cases of congenital syphilis and 100 controls were included in the study. Infants born to mothers with ≤ 5 prenatal controls (PNC) had a four-fold risk of presenting with a missed diagnosis of maternal syphilis compared to the control group (OR: 4.83; 95% CI: 1.79-12.98). A similar pattern was observed for maternal educational level. Mothers ≤18 years of age and those with an insufficient number of PNC were significant risk factors for treatment failure (individual OR: 4.07; 95% CI: 1.43-11.57 and adjusted OR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.29-6.28, respectively). Conclusions: It would be necessary to implement institutional strategies developed to improve the number of pregnancy controls, maternal educational level, and teen pregnancy rates aimed at reducing failures in the diagnostic process and treatment of maternal syphilis thereby diminishing the incidence of maternal syphilis in our population (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy , Prenatal Care , Syphilis, Congenital/epidemiology , Syphilis/diagnosis , Syphilis/drug therapy , Case-Control Studies , Fetal Mortality , Infant Mortality
5.
Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander, Salud ; 45(3): 71-76, Diciembre 10, 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-706632

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes. La sífilis congénita (SC) aumenta en nuestro país a pesar de existir un programa diseñado para su control. Se requiere conocer las características de los afectados y sus padres, para implementar medidas de control. Objetivo. Caracterizar los casos de SC atendidos en el Hospital Universitario de Santander, Bucaramanga (Colombia), entre Junio/2006 y Septiembre/2007. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal prospectivo. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas de los recién nacidos y sus padres. Resultados. Se presentaron 36 recién nacidos (RN) con SC. Nueve sintomáticos (25%), 6 con compromiso del sistema nervioso central (16.7%); 2 murieron (5.6%). En 12 casos (33.3%) las madres no hicieron control prenatal; 16 (44.4%) no aparecen inscritas al sistema de seguridad social en salud. Tres madres (8.3%) infectadas por VIH; 6 (16.7%) con más de 9 compañeros sexuales y 10 (27.8%) con un compañero sexual; 8 (22.2%) usó drogas ilícitas. El diagnóstico de sífilis fue hecho en el tercer trimestre del embarazo en 15 casos (41.7%) y 14 (38.9%) en postparto. El 47.2% de las madres no recibió tratamiento durante el embarazo (17 casos); 25 padres (69.5%) no lo recibieron. Conclusiones. Pese a que la SC es una enfermedad prevenible, en el Hospital Universitario de Santander se encontraron 36 casos entre junio de 2006 a septiembre 2007. Sobresalen factores inherentes a la madre, a su entorno y al acceso al servicio de salud que hacen que la SC aumente en nuestro medio. Para modificar la incidencia de la SC es mandatorio mejorar la calidad del control prenatal, garantizar el acceso y captación de las gestantes de manera oportuna, lograr adherencia a los protocolos de manejo por parte de las IPS para poder mejorar la calidad de vida de la infancia en Santander.


Background: Congenital syphilis is increasing in Colombia despite of the program specifically designed for its control. Understanding the characteristics of affected individuals and their parents are of the essence for the implementation of control measures. Objective: Characterize the cases of congenital syphilis at Hospital Universitario de Santander in Bucaramanga, Colombia from June 2006 to September 2007. Materials and Methods: Prospective transversal study. Social, demographic, and clinical variables in newborn babies and their parents were analyzed. Results: 36 cases of congenital syphilis were found. Nine newborn babies showed symptoms (25%); 6 of them had a compromise of the Central Nervous System (16.7%) and 2 of them died (5.6%). 12 mothers (33.3%) were not under a prenatal control program. 16 of these mothers (44.4%) were not registered in the Social Security System. 3 mothers (8.3%) were positive for HIV; 6 mothers (16.7%) had a history of more than 9 sexual partners and 10 (27.8%) reported to have only 1 sexual partner; 8 mothers (22.2%) were drug addicts. Syphilis diagnosis was conducted on third trimester of pregnancy in 15 cases (41.7%) while 14 cases were detected after birth. 47.2% of the mothers did not receive any treatment during pregnancy (17 cases). Conversely, 25 fathers (69.5%) did not receive treatment against this condition. Conclusions: Persistence of congenital syphilis cases at Hospital Universitario de Santander is the result of the high percentage of mothers (among those who gave birth to children with congenital syphilis) that are not registered at the Social Security System or are not under any prenatal control. Furthermore, the late treatment of gestational syphilis as well as the lack of treatment of affected couples contribute also to this persistence of presentation. Correction of these variables would improve the situation.

6.
Rev. para. med ; 26(2)abr.-jun. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-658442

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: revisar os aspectos imunopatogênicos da sífilis materno-fetal. Método: uma pesquisabibliográfica foi realizada utilizando-se as palavras-chave: sífilis congênita + imunopatogenia, sífilis materna+ imunopatogenia, sífilis + interface materno-fetal. As bases de dados pesquisadas foram a Medline (MedicalLiterature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) da National Library of Medicine (EUA) e a LILACS(Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde). Considerações finais: a infecção peloTreponema pallidum e o desenvolvimento das características clínicas deletérias deve-se ao êxito dosmecanismos de invasão, evasão e da resposta imunológica do hospedeiro. Na gestação ocorrem mudançashormonais, imunológicas e nutricionais necessárias ao bom desenvolvimento fetal que, porém, modulam asuscetibilidade materno-fetal à infecção. Nesse contexto, o perfil de citocinas na placenta tende a proteger ofeto de ser expulso, ao inibir a resposta celular citotóxica, dificultando, no entanto, a eliminação dotreponema da interface materno-fetal. Por outro lado, a resposta imunológica do feto ainda é imatura até a10ª - 20ª semana de gestação, permitindo que o patógeno invada, dissemine e escape. Assim, o diagnósticoprecoce para instituição do tratamento no recém-nascido é mandatório para prevenção das seqüelas e, comoainda não existe um exame laboratorial disponível na rede pública que permita esse diagnóstico em tempohábil, fica claro que um maior conhecimento da fisiopatogenia da doença é prioritário no sentido decontribuir para o avanço nas pesquisas clínicas


Objective: the objective of this study was to revise the immunopathogenic aspects of maternalfetalsyphilis. Methods: a detailed literature search of the Medline (Medical Literature Analysisand Online Retrieval System) of the American National Library of Medicine and the LILACS(Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences) databases was conducted using the key wordscongenital syphilis + immunopathogeny, maternal syphilis + immunopathogeny, and syphilis +maternal-fetal interface. Final Considerations: the success of infection by T. pallidum and thedevelopment of deleterious clinical symptoms is due to the effectiveness of the mechanisms ofinvasion a, evasion and immunological response of the host. The hormonal, immunological, andnutritional changes that occur during pregnancy and are necessary for the successfuldevelopment of the fetus also modulate the susceptibility of the fetus to infection. In thiscontext, the cytokine profile of the placenta protects the fetus from expulsion by inhibiting thecytotoxic cell response, although this also hampers the elimination of the treponema from thematernal-fetal interface. However, the immunological response of the fetus is immature up untilthe 10-10th week of gestation, allowing the pathogen to invade, spread, and escape. Thus, theearly diagnosis for the treatment of the neonate is essential for the prevention of sequels, but asthe public health service does not provide clinical exams for the timely for the diagnosis of thiscondition, there is a clear need for a better understanding of the physiopathogeny of the diseasewith the specific objective of contributing to the advance of clinical research into the problem

7.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 41(2)abr.-mar. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-664834

ABSTRACT

Introdução ? A sífilis congênita comporta-se comouma doença de amplo espectro clínico. De maneira geral,dividimos a doença em precoce ou tardia conformea manifestação clínica tenha aparecido antes ou depoisdos dois primeiros anos de vida. Objetivos ? Descrevera incidência da sífilis congênita nos estados do Brasil noperíodo de 2007 a 2009. Métodos ? Estudo ecológicoonde a população em risco estudada foi considerada ade nascidos vivos de acordo com os dados obtidos doSINASC acessados nos indicadores de saúde do DATASUS.Foram considerados os casos notificados de sífiliscongênita no período, disponíveis também no DATASUS.Os dados foram apresentados na forma de taxasde incidência e também por números absolutos e porcentagens.Resultados ? No período de 2009 a maiortaxa de incidência foi no estado do Amapá (7,14), seguidode Ceara (4,99) e posteriormente Rio Grande do Norte(4,27), Sergipe também apresentou um alto índice(3,42), seguido de Alagoas (3,35). Segundo a faixa etáriaa predominância foi observada em recém nascidos ate6 dias (94,57%). O numero de parceiros não tratadosfoi o maior (57,41%). No período compreendido entre2007 e 2009, o ano que apresentou uma maior taxade incidência foi 2008 (70,91). Discussão ? As falhasna assistência do pré-natal, a realização do pré-natal deforma incompleta ou inadequada, seja pelo início tardioou por falta de comparecimento às consultas sãofatores importantes que poderiam explicar que aindaexista um numero alto de casos de sífilis congênita, jáque trata-se de uma doença de fácil diagnóstico e comum tratamento acessível e provavelmente pela falta deinformação da doença e pela baixa escolaridade da populaçãobrasileira adulta ainda se observa um alto índicede parceiros não tratados.


Introduction - Vertical transmission of syphilis remainsa major public health problem in Brazil. Congenital syphilisbehaves as a broad spectrum of clinical disease. In general,we divide the disease in early or late depending onthe clinical manifestation has appeared before or afterthe first two years of life. Objective ? To describe the incidenceof congenital syphilis in the states of Brazil from2007 to 2009. Methods ? An ecological study where thepopulation at risk was considered the study of live birthsaccording to data from the SINASC accessed in health indicatorsDATASUS. We considered the reported cases of congenitalsyphilis in the period, also available in DATASUS.Data were presented as incidence rates and also by absolutenumbers and percentages. Results ? During 2009the highest incidence was in the state of Amapá (7.14),followed by Ceará (4.99) and subsequently Rio Grandedo Norte (4.27), Sergipe also had a high incidence (3.42), followed by Alagoas (3.35). According to age the prevalencewas observed in newborns up to 6 days (94.57%).The number of partners that was not treated was the highest(57.41%). In the period between 2007 and 2009,the year that presented a higher incidence rate was 2008(70.91). Discussion - The flaws in pre-natal care, completionof pre-natal incomplete or inadequate, either by lateonset or lack of attendance at appointments are importantfactors that could explain that there is still a high numberof cases of congenital syphilis, since it is a disease easilydiagnosed and treatment accessible and probably the lackof disease information and the low education of the Brazilianpopulation still show a high rate of untreated partners.

8.
Rev. invest. clín ; 58(2): 119-125, mar.-abr. 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-632344

ABSTRACT

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of maternal and neonatal syphilis, to assess the usefulness of a rapid treponemic diagnostic test, and to evaluate the frequency of screening for syphilis during prenatal care in Mexican women. Material and methods. This was a cross-sectional study that included 1,322 women interviewed in two hospitals (Hospital General in Cuernavaca, Morelos, and Hospital de la Mujer in Mexico City). Women answered a questionnaire on reproductive background, exposure to sexually transmitted infections and prenatal care. In order to diagnose syphilis, a rapid Determine TP test and a latex-VDRL test were used among all participating women. Positive cases were confirmed using FTA-ABS test. Results. Prevalence of serologically active syphilis was 0.3% (4/1322). Using as comparison standard a combination of VDRL and FTA-ABS tests, the Determine TP test had a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Two newborns with positive FTA-ABS IgM, one negative with FTA-ABS IgM and one first-trimester abortion were found from seropositive women. Prenatal serum screening for syphilis was conducted in only 6.9% of women included in the study. Conclusions. Although the prevalence of maternal syphilis is relatively low, results show that if the situation found in the hospitals studied is shared by other hospitals in Mexico, a systematic screening for maternal syphilis would help to diagnose more cases of this infection than the number reported in official figures. Screening of syphilis in pregnant women using rapid tests may help in the prevention of congenital syphilis.


Objetivos. Estimar la seroprevalencia de sífilis materna y neonatal, analizar la utilidad de una prueba diagnóstica treponémica rápida y estudiar la frecuencia de escrutinio serológico de sífilis durante el embarazo. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó a 1,322 mujeres entrevistadas en dos hospitales (Hospital General de Cuernavaca y Hospital de la Mujer de la ciudad de México). Las mujeres contestaron un cuestionario sobre antecedentes ginecoobstétricos, de exposición a infecciones de transmisión sexual y de atención prenatal. Para el diagnóstico de sífilis se empleó en primera instancia la prueba rápida Determine TP a todas las participantes, posteriormente se aplicó de la misma manera la prueba de VDRL-látex. Los casos positivos se confirmaron con la prueba FTA-ABS. Resultados. La prevalencia de sífilis materna serológicamente activa fue de 0.3% (4/1322). Utilizando como pruebas de referencia la combinación de VDRL y FTA-ABS, Determine TP mostró una sensibilidad y una especificidad de 100%. De las mujeres seropositivas nacieron dos neonatos con FTA-ABS IgM positiva, en otra con FTA-ABS IgM negativa y la restante tuvo un aborto en el primer trimestre. En el transcurso del control prenatal la realización de la prueba de anticuerpos reagínicos por VDRL fue de 6.9% en la muestra de mujeres analizadas. Conclusiones. Si bien la frecuencia observada de sífilis materna es relativamente baja, los resultados encontrados en este estudio sugieren que la prevalencia de sífilis es mayor a la informada de manera global por la Dirección General de Epidemiología. El escrutinio sistemático de sífilis con pruebas rápidas en embarazadas, coadyuvaría a la prevención de la sífilis congénita.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Syphilis Serodiagnosis/methods , Syphilis, Congenital/diagnosis , Syphilis/diagnosis , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitals , Mexico , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Syphilis, Congenital/blood , Syphilis/blood , Time Factors , Treponema pallidum/immunology
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